Organizations, GLOA610

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# .Large[.yellow[**International <br> Economic Organizations <br> and Development**]]
# GLOA 610

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# .Large[Are the likes of <br> IMF and World Bank <br> the .red[baddies?]]

# Or, are they just <br> .yellow[ineffective] at times?

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# .large[It could be that <br> we just .yellow[assume] <br> they are some <br> evil-doers <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M368 128C368 172.4 342.6 211.5 304 234.4V256C304 273.7 289.7 288 272 288H175.1C158.3 288 143.1 273.7 143.1 256V234.4C105.4 211.5 79.1 172.4 79.1 128C79.1 57.31 144.5 0 223.1 0C303.5 0 368 57.31 368 128V128zM167.1 176C185.7 176 199.1 161.7 199.1 144C199.1 126.3 185.7 112 167.1 112C150.3 112 135.1 126.3 135.1 144C135.1 161.7 150.3 176 167.1 176zM280 112C262.3 112 248 126.3 248 144C248 161.7 262.3 176 280 176C297.7 176 312 161.7 312 144C312 126.3 297.7 112 280 112zM3.378 273.7C11.28 257.9 30.5 251.5 46.31 259.4L223.1 348.2L401.7 259.4C417.5 251.5 436.7 257.9 444.6 273.7C452.5 289.5 446.1 308.7 430.3 316.6L295.6 384L430.3 451.4C446.1 459.3 452.5 478.5 444.6 494.3C436.7 510.1 417.5 516.5 401.7 508.6L223.1 419.8L46.31 508.6C30.5 516.5 11.28 510.1 3.378 494.3C-4.526 478.5 1.881 459.3 17.69 451.4L152.4 384L17.69 316.6C1.881 308.7-4.526 289.5 3.378 273.7V273.7z"/></svg>.]

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# In fact, it is quite likely <br> much of the criticism leveled on <br> .red[IEO]s are built on .orange[this guy]'s critique <br> of (supposedly) American-led <br>capitalism.

# - The .pink[evil-doer ideas], in particular.

# - Ken Rogoff's rant (2002)

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# It is in fact quite likely that most of the vocal critiques just don't understand .red[what IEOs do].

# Perhaps in part because IMF and WB only deal with .yellow[difficult situations] in the first placce

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# .Large[To actually understand how they work, we need to go back in .yellow[history].]

# .Large[.pink[What really was the motivation?]]

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# .Huge[**An attempt to .red[prevent] another World War.**]

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<div class="full-width-tinted"><br>
  <h1> .large[The Bretton Woods System] </h1> 
</div>

<br>
- .Large[What happened right before WWII?]
<br>

.pull-left[
.pull-left[![](https://c.tenor.com/R1RcnFR9EXQAAAAC/broke-fairlyoddparents.gif) 
# .red[currency war]]

.pull-right[![]()
#  ]
]

.pull-right[
.pull-left[![]()
# ]
]

---

<div class="full-width-tinted"><br>
  <h1> .large[The Bretton Woods System] </h1> 
</div>

<br>
- .Large[What happened right before WWII?]
<br>

.pull-left[
.pull-left[![](https://c.tenor.com/R1RcnFR9EXQAAAAC/broke-fairlyoddparents.gif) 
# .red[currency war]]

.pull-right[![](https://c.tenor.com/asi_jQogc3IAAAAC/family-guy-peter-griffin.gif)
# .green[protectionism] ]
]

.pull-right[
.pull-left[![]()
# ]
]

---

<div class="full-width-tinted"><br>
  <h1> .large[The Bretton Woods System] </h1> 
</div>

<br>
- .Large[What happened right before WWII?]
<br>

.pull-left[
.pull-left[![](https://c.tenor.com/R1RcnFR9EXQAAAAC/broke-fairlyoddparents.gif) 
# .red[currency war]]

.pull-right[![](https://c.tenor.com/asi_jQogc3IAAAAC/family-guy-peter-griffin.gif)
# .green[protectionism] ]
]

.pull-right[
.pull-left[![](https://media.tenor.com/EcVflt3ciWQAAAAC/broke-poor.gif)
# .blue[poverty]]
]

# - Each .orange[pillar] tackles the challenges.
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# .Huge[**IMF**]

# Stone (2004); Nooruddin & Woo (2015); Daoud et al. (2017)

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# .Huge[WTO]

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# .Huge[**WTO (GATT)**]

# Busch and Pelc (2019)

# .Huge[**The World Bank**]

# or mulilateral development banks in general

# Humphrey (2017)

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# There are many other IEOs (mostly regional)

- .Large[AIIB]

- .Large[MERCOSUR]

- .Large[ADB]

- .Large[AEZO]

- .LARGE[And a whole lot more .red[PTA]s.]

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# Why didn't we talk about them?

### e.g., .orange[Guatemala]'s major trading partners (2019)

![](https://www.countryaah.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Guatemala-Major-Imports.jpg)

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# .large[.yellow[IEOs reflect certain dimensions of the reality.]]

# What could be done, going forward? (The Nature 2021)