Poverty-Inequality GLOA 610

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# .Huge[**.stretch[Poverty & Inequality]**] <br> .bluey[.LARGE[**GLOA 610**]] <br>

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# .huge[poverty <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M432 336c0 17.69-14.31 32.01-32 32.01H187.8l-65.15 97.74C116.5 474.1 106.3 480 95.97 480c-6.094 0-12.25-1.75-17.72-5.375c-14.72-9.812-18.69-29.66-8.875-44.38l41.49-62.23H48c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h105.5l63.1-96H48c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h212.2l65.18-97.77c9.781-14.69 29.62-18.66 44.37-8.875c14.72 9.812 18.69 29.66 8.875 44.38l-41.51 62.27H400c17.69 0 32 14.31 32 31.99s-14.31 32.01-32 32.01h-105.6l-63.1 96H400C417.7 304 432 318.3 432 336z"/></svg> development]

# .huge[inequality <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M432 336c0 17.69-14.31 32.01-32 32.01H187.8l-65.15 97.74C116.5 474.1 106.3 480 95.97 480c-6.094 0-12.25-1.75-17.72-5.375c-14.72-9.812-18.69-29.66-8.875-44.38l41.49-62.23H48c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h105.5l63.1-96H48c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h212.2l65.18-97.77c9.781-14.69 29.62-18.66 44.37-8.875c14.72 9.812 18.69 29.66 8.875 44.38l-41.51 62.27H400c17.69 0 32 14.31 32 31.99s-14.31 32.01-32 32.01h-105.6l-63.1 96H400C417.7 304 432 318.3 432 336z"/></svg> development]

# .huge[inequality .orange[::] poverty?]

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  <h1> .Large[Things to think & talk about:] </h1>
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# 1) Has globalization reduced poverty/inequality?

# 2) What's the problem?

- .Large[poverty/inequality .yellow[increasing] or decreasing .orange[not fast enough?] ]

# 3) What are the solutions (.red[if any])?

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  <h1> .Large[Global Poverty, .yellow[inflation adjusted]] </h1>
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![](GLOA610-inequality_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png)

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<div class="full-width-tinted"><br>
  <h1> .Large[Global Poverty, .yellow[by infant mortality]] </h1>
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![](GLOA610-inequality_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png)

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  <h1> .Large[Global Inequality, composite Gini Index] </h1>
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.large[Data: SWIID, Solt 2020]

![](GLOA610-inequality_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png)

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  <h1> Inequality in Some Countries </h1>
</div><br><br>

![](GLOA610-inequality_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png)

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# Kuznet's Curve?

.times[.Large[.orange[<svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;width:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M112.1 454.3c0 6.297 1.816 12.44 5.284 17.69l17.14 25.69c5.25 7.875 17.17 14.28 26.64 14.28h61.67c9.438 0 21.36-6.401 26.61-14.28l17.08-25.68c2.938-4.438 5.348-12.37 5.348-17.7L272 415.1h-160L112.1 454.3zM191.4 .0132C89.44 .3257 16 82.97 16 175.1c0 44.38 16.44 84.84 43.56 115.8c16.53 18.84 42.34 58.23 52.22 91.45c.0313 .25 .0938 .5166 .125 .7823h160.2c.0313-.2656 .0938-.5166 .125-.7823c9.875-33.22 35.69-72.61 52.22-91.45C351.6 260.8 368 220.4 368 175.1C368 78.61 288.9-.2837 191.4 .0132zM192 96.01c-44.13 0-80 35.89-80 79.1C112 184.8 104.8 192 96 192S80 184.8 80 176c0-61.76 50.25-111.1 112-111.1c8.844 0 16 7.159 16 16S200.8 96.01 192 96.01z"/></svg>]] &nbsp; .Large["The relationship between inequality and development is bell-shaped."]]

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# If inequality & poverty .yellow[<svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;width:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M374.6 310.6l-160 160C208.4 476.9 200.2 480 192 480s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 370.8V64c0-17.69 14.33-31.1 31.1-31.1S224 46.31 224 64v306.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0S387.1 298.1 374.6 310.6z"/></svg>], <br> why so much talk of <br> inequality .red[now]?

# Elephant 🐘 Story

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# Elephant 🐘 Story

### source: Milanovic (2020) <br>(also, Briggs(2018))

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# So, <br> what's the relationship?

## - Econ Globalization
## - Poverty
## - Inequality

# .yellow[Rudra & Tirone (2017)]

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## Nothing seems to work (.green[well]).

## FDI and foreign aid: ineffective.

## Finance/Trade/Investment: <br> hard to come by.

## So there's .red[no] way to address <br> poverty/inequality problem?

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# .texttt[.Large[**New Hope**]]: <br> .yellow[microfinancing] <br> .orange[cash-transfer] <br> .Green[microcredit]

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# .huge[It should work, right?]

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# .huge[It should work, right? .bluey[RIGHT?]]

## Attanasio et al. (2015); Banerjee et al. (2015a); Banerjee et al. (2015b)

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# A closer look: <br> Banerjee et al. 2015b <br> ('.orange[Big Push]')

## Consumption and asset gains <br> of the .red[very poor]

### - six-country RCT

### - multi-dimensional support

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# But what about some .Blue[other positive] effects?

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# But what about some .Blue[other positive] effects? <br> .tiny[.times[(Premand et al. 2023)]]

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![](https://github.com/textvulture/textvulture.github.io/blob/master/images/Premand1.png?raw=true)

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![](https://github.com/textvulture/textvulture.github.io/blob/master/images/Premand2.png?raw=true)

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# Sensationalism (e.g., just blaming some transnational evil entities on global poverty) is .pink[easy].

# Thinking about actual solutions is much .yellow[harder].